Psychoanalysis of Cannabis Impact: Diagnostic Approaches to Psychological Effects

In a recent study from the University of Maryland School of Medicine (UMSOM), researchers shed light on the alarming rise in cannabis-related psychiatric conditions. As cannabis gains acceptance and its potency increases, there’s a pressing need for heightened awareness among healthcare professionals to screen, diagnose, and treat patients exhibiting symptoms of cannabis use disorder. Dr. David A. Gorelick, Professor of Psychiatry at UMSOM, spearheaded the study, emphasizing the addictive effects of cannabis and the urgency of recognizing signs of cannabis use disorder.

Scope of Cannabis Use Disorder

The study reveals that nearly one in five Americans aged 12 and older used cannabis in 2021. Shockingly, over 16 million individuals met the criteria for cannabis use disorder, as outlined in the American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5-TR). The issue disproportionately affects young adults, with over 14 percent of those aged 18 to 25 experiencing cannabis use disorder.

Dr. Gorelick highlights the prevalence of misinformation regarding cannabis’s safety and urges the public to understand its addictive nature. Dispelling misconceptions is crucial, as cannabis use disorder is a significant public health concern.

Diagnosing Cannabis Psychiatric Disorders

Cannabis use disorder involves problematic marijuana use, with symptoms such as drug cravings and an inability to control use, even in the face of negative consequences. The study emphasizes the need for physicians to recognize physical signs, such as yellowing of the fingertips and increased depression and anxiety, as indicators of cannabis use disorder.

Diagnosis involves meeting specific criteria outlined in the DSM-5-TR, including impaired performance at school or work, neglecting family obligations, experiencing withdrawal symptoms, and more. Dr. Gorelick stresses the importance of seeking professional diagnosis and treatment.

Treatment Options and Public Awareness

While there’s currently no FDA-approved medication for cannabis use disorder, various therapies show promise in managing symptoms. Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and Motivational Enhancement Therapy (MET) are commonly used to address thoughts and behaviors associated with cannabis use. Family-based treatment options may be beneficial for adolescents.

The study also underscores other dangers associated with excessive cannabis use, including its role in emergency room visits and an increased risk of car accidents. Dr. Mark T. Gladwin, Dean of UMSOM, emphasizes the urgency of understanding these risks, especially among young adults.

Addiction Medicine for Cannabis Psychiatric Disorders

UMSOM has prioritized addiction medicine and recently established the Kahlert Institute for Addiction Medicine. This institute focuses on studying the underlying brain mechanisms of addiction and training future medical practitioners. Dr. Asaf Keller, Associate Director of the Kahlert Institute, highlights the importance of pre-clinical research studies to understand cannabis-related disorders and develop targeted treatments.

Efforts from institutions like UMSOM are crucial in advancing addiction medicine and improving the understanding of cannabis-related disorders.

Urgent Need for Screening and Treatment

To tackle the growing prevalence of cannabis use disorder, the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommends screening adolescents and adults in primary care settings. Accessible diagnosis, treatment, and appropriate care are vital components of this approach.

In conclusion, with the increasing use of cannabis, it’s imperative to be aware of associated risks, particularly cannabis-related psychiatric conditions. The study underscores the urgent need for physicians to proactively screen and treat patients exhibiting symptoms of cannabis use disorder. Public awareness and education are equally crucial in addressing this pressing public health concern.